<div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Hey everyone, I am posting the
following simply for interest and curiosity.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Through some (random) searching
around online, I discovered that there is a very unique orchestra in Egypt comprised
entirely of women and girls who are blind or have significant vision loss. The
orchestra consists of around 45 musicians ranging in age from teenagers to
adults in their forties. It is a full (albeit small) symphony, with standard
string, woodwind, brass, and percussion sections. They play orchestral works
typical in the western repertoire, such as Mozart and Tchaikovsky, as well as
works by Egyptian composers and more oriental works.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">As a fairly high level blind musician
who plays violin and viola in orchestral settings, I find their story and
situation very interesting, unique, and inspiring. They truly are a
one-of-a-kind group, having overcome numerous social, economic, and cultural
barriers to get to where they are today, and I think there are some interesting
lessons to be learned from their story.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The Al Nour Wal Amal (translated
as light and hope) Orchestra is run by the nonprofit association with the same
name. This association was established in 1954 to provide academic and
vocational training for blind women and girls to help integrate them into
society. In 1961, the association established a music institute and orchestra
to introduce blind girls to an art form they would excel at, and given them an
outlet to express themselves. Since then, the orchestra has given many
performances, both in Egypt and on tour around the globe.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The orchestra members learn and
memorize their parts using braille music notation. The conductor then works
with each section of the orchestra separately to help familiarize them with how
their parts fit together before bringing the whole group together. Since all
the musicians are blind, the conductor uses alternative rehearsal techniques to
guide them to performance level. For example, he taps a baton on a table to
help them learn the tempo, and sings the notes and melody to guide them into
playing the right notes at the right time. The conductor is not usually onstage
during performances; he counts them in at the beginning of the music but
otherwise sits back to relax. You can learn more about how they rehearse by
watching videos <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-20008432" style="color:rgb(70,120,134)">here</a>
and <a href="https://www.facebook.com/alnourwalamalaorchestra/videos/1191387861752376/" style="color:rgb(70,120,134)">here</a>.
You can look up more videos of their performances on YouTube.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Most of the members of the
orchestras have lives outside of music. Many have university degrees and jobs,
some are married and have children. They come from middle and lower income
family backgrounds. Most are Muslims, and all of them wear bright-coloured
scarves and dresses on stage, rather than the typical black/white seen in
western orchestras.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The orchestra members begin their
musical education at around age 7 or 8. They spend the first year becoming literate
in music reading before they choose an instrument to learn. Once they are
advanced enough, they join the orchestra. They do academics in the morning and
music in the afternoons.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Although they do not play at the
level of a western professional symphony orchestra, it is quite obvious to me
that they play well together as an ensemble. I’d say they sound pretty similar
to an intermediate-advanced youth or amateur community orchestra or a lower
level non majors college orchestra. As you may know, western classical music is
not big in Egypt, not to mention that there isn’t a lot of funding, so their
playing level is expected given those circumstances. Still, I find it quite
incredible that they thrive together in an orchestra, given their
socio-economic and cultural situation.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The following articles and videos
give a pretty good glimpse into their lives.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://fellowsblog.ted.com/an-intimate-glimpse-into-a-remarkable-egyptian-orchestra-for-blind-women-23f6c1c9444f" style="color:rgb(70,120,134)">https://fellowsblog.ted.com/an-intimate-glimpse-into-a-remarkable-egyptian-orchestra-for-blind-women-23f6c1c9444f</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm96/brlm9607.htm#8" style="color:rgb(70,120,134)">https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm96/brlm9607.htm#8</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/170306.aspx">https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/170306.aspx</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/41424/Arts--Culture/Music/Humbled-by-Music-Al-Nour-Wal-Amal-Orchestra.aspx" style="color:rgb(70,120,134)">https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/41424/Arts--Culture/Music/Humbled-by-Music-Al-Nour-Wal-Amal-Orchestra.aspx</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Overall, doing research on the Al
Nour Wal Amal Orchestra has been an eye-opener for me. Relative to the western
world, Egypt is not a very accessible place to live for a blind individual, and
with the lack of classical music culture overall, seeing a western
classical-style orchestra thrive is quite the sight to see.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiZGlj0JlYk&pp=ygUbImVneXB0IiAiYmxpbmQiICJvcmNoZXN0cmEi">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiZGlj0JlYk&pp=ygUbImVneXB0IiAiYmxpbmQiICJvcmNoZXN0cmEi</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Mg_5hlLg-8&pp=ygUXbmlsZSB0diBmaWtyeSBvcmNoZXN0cmE%3D">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Mg_5hlLg-8&pp=ygUXbmlsZSB0diBmaWtyeSBvcmNoZXN0cmE%3D</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Here’s a <a href="https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/445" style="color:rgb(70,120,134)">master's degree
thesis</a> which takes an interesting look at their situation.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">My Personal Reflections</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">First of all, I find it very
interesting how braille music literacy has been adopted in a location and
situation where you kinda least expect it. Let’s face it, most blind musicians
who learn in a classical-oriented environment aren’t pushed to learn braille
music to the degree they should, at least in my opinion, although that is
slowly changing. From what I can tell, it is a ton of work for them to procure
braille scores for large volumes of music, since they appear to be manually
copying music onto sheets by hand using a slate and stylus. I personally think
the process can be sped up a lot using the technology we’ve come to know in the
western world, but the high costs of procuring and maintaining technology is
understandably out of reach for them. I’m sure they do use computers, but they likely
do not have the funds to purchase and maintain a braille embosser for printing
out their braille music, for instance.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The alternative rehearsal
techniques they use are also quite interesting. They are quite different from
what I’m used to in practice and performance, since I’m a blind musician
playing alongside sighted musicians. I think there is quite a big difference
between an orchestra that is comprised entirely of blind musicians and an
orchestra where one or a few members are blind/visually impaired while everyone
else is sighted. Seeing the situation of the Egyptian blind orchestra, I am
incredibly grateful for all the technology I have access to that makes my life
as a blind orchestral musician easier. Being able to locate recordings on the
internet to practice along with is integral to how I learn and memorize my
parts, and having access to a braille display and software that can convert
MusicXML to braille is a huge blessing.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Overall, I think this is a unique
and wonderful case study of how musicians with disabilities can partake in an
art form that is traditionally not inclusive of differently able musicians. Let’s
face it, there are many sighted musicians and educators who are concerned blind
musicians can’t participate fully in orchestra because they can’t see the
conductor, although this attitude is slowly changing. As this Egyptian blind
orchestra and the personal experiences of myself and others show, not being
able to see the conductor is not a major hindrance to full participation in
large ensembles. Yes, you do lose some information from not being able to see
the conductor, but there is a lot you can pick up from listening to your
section-mates and the other musicians around you. In fact, I’ve seen my
orchestra directors telling everyone to listen more and not be so buried in the
music, which of course is a non-issue for me. There are things to overcome, and
there are times when you may need the help of your fellow musicians to cue you
after long pauses or tempo changes, but it can be done.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I also think there is a
difference between being in a string section vs being alone on your part as a member
of the woodwind, brass, or percussion sections. I noticed this for myself after
a conversation on a mailing list with a blind trumpet player on this very
topic. As a string player, there is an element of safety in numbers that just
doesn’t exist in the other sections of the orchestra. For instance, if I’m not
100% sure exactly where to come in, I can get away with starting a fraction of
a second late, and no one will really notice, since I’m one out of eight or ten
people in a string section. (Pizzicato is a bit of an exception, in which case
I might just miss the first note, and still, no one will really notice). On the
other hand, if you’re alone on a woodwind, brass, or percussion part, you are
much more exposed, which means you need to be much more precise and on the ball
when it comes to timing. One challenging issue faced by string players, though,
is the coordination of bowings. I myself haven’t really bothered to find a
solution to this, and the only way I can be 100% certain that my bowings line
up with my section is by going through the incredibly tedious process of going
over bowings with a section mate, which just takes way too much time, not to
mention bowings are something that can change quickly with a moment’s notice.
In the Egyptian blind orchestra, I guess all bowings are already marked in the
music ready to go, so everyone is just expected to follow it as written.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin:0in 0in 8pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In conclusion, doing research on
the Al Nour Wal Amal Orchestra has been an eye-opener for me. Relative to the
western world, Egypt is not a very accessible place to live for a blind
individual, and with the lack of classical music culture overall, seeing a
western classical-style orchestra thrive is quite the sight to see. Generally
speaking, inclusion of disabled citizens is much better in western countries
than in the east, but there is lots of room for improvement everywhere.</p></div>